[Advaita-l] mAya and avidyA are not synonyms

[Ravi Kiran]

Namaste

On Wed, Dec 7, 2016 at 2:20 PM, Bhaskar YR via Advaita-l <
advaita-l at lists.advaita-vedanta.org> wrote:

> praNAms
> Hare Krishna
>
> If I remember right, I had written about this earlier also in either of
> the groups but don't remember.
>
> Before equating mAya and  avidyA atleast we should first understand what
> is mAya and avidyA as per bhAshya.
>
> According to shruti, geetAchArya and bhAshyakAra,  mAya is some sort of
> Shakti, which is brahmAnanya, nitya, akshara, anirvachaneeya.  And shankara
> categorically states that we have to accept this mAya Shakti in brahman if
> not brahma will not be a creator and whole srushti prakriya goes into thin
> air and shruti which talks extensively on srushti prakriya becomes
> apramANya.  Na hi tayA vinA parameshwarasya srashtutvaM siddhyati, Shakti
> rahitasya tasya pravruttyanupapatteH.  And elsewhere bhAshyakAra further
> confirms through mAyAshakti only brahman would get the pravrutti to do this
> creation but in his svarUpa he always nishkriya.  paramAtmanastu
> svarUpavyapAshrayaM audAseenyaM mAyAvyapAshrayaM cha pravartakatvaM.  Like
> this between kAraNa brahma and kArya jagat there exist a Shakti and that
> Shakti is the reason for the vyAkruta jagat of nAma rUpa.  Though it has
> been said that this Shakti is in between kAraNa and kArya, this Shakti
> belongs to brahman (kAraNa) only and not a separate force.  This has been
> clearly stated by geetAchArya mama svarUpabhUtA madeeya mAyA and
> bhAshyakAra confirms this by stating : kAraNasya AtmabhUtA shaktiH
> shakteshcha AtmabhUtaM kAryaM, sA shaktiH brahmaiva ahaM Shakti Shakti
> matOH ananyatvAt.  And the paryAya pada-s for this Shakti / mAyA is
> prakruti, vaishNavi mAya, mUla prakruti, akshara, avyaktA etc. This Shakti
> is divine not dOsha or anishta like jeevAshrita avidyA.  Hence geetAchArya
> affectionately says it is mine (mama mAyA)  : daivee hyeshA guNamayee mama
> mAyA duratyayA.  This mAyA has been ulogised as parameshwari in some
> purANa-s as well,  that is the reason why we have the names like mAyAdevi,
> mAyAvati, yOga mAya etc.  not avidyAvati, avidyA devi etc. :) And again
> this mAya,  as per geetAchArya has two prakruti-s i.e. para and apara.  As
> we all know aparA prakruti is paNcha tanmAtra-s and samashti BMI of
> hiraNyagarbha (ashta vidhA prakruti) and para prakruti is jeeva who is
> ultimately nothing but brahman.  Since for this aparA prakruti brahman is
> the only abhinna nimittOpadAna kAraNa this aparA prakruti is nothing
> different from brahman.  Hence shruti says AtmanaH AkAsha saMbhUtaH,
> akAshAt vAyuH, vAyOragniH, agnerApaH, ApaH pruthivi etc. And this mAyA is
> anirvachaneeya as well since from the kArya drushti it is not brahman since
> there is no bhinnatva in brahman no variety in brahman (neha nAnAsti
> kiMchana) but at the same time this bhinnatva does not have any independent
> existence apart from that ekaM.  Shankara gives foam, water example for
> this and this anirvachaneeya mAyA is avyakta.  avyaktA hi sA mAyA
> tattvAnyatva nirUpaNasya ashakyatvAt.  And this avyAkruta /avyakta Shakti
> of brahman before creation called mUla prakruti which has been
> categorically addressed as brahman only.  yA mUlaprakrutiH abhyupagamyate
> tadeva cha nO brahma.  Now, if we replace these vaishNavi mAya, avyakta,
> avyAkruta, mUla prakruti, akshara words with the avidyA, the arthahAni is
> quite conspicuous.  Because avidyA which has been defined in Advaita is
> entirely different from the above divine power i.e. mAya.
>
> So, what is avidyA ??  We don't get better place other than adhyAsa
> bhAshya to know what is avidyA according to bhAshyakAra.  The point to be
> noted that in this comprehensive analysis of adhyAsa shankara nowhere
> equates avidyA with mAya and say avidyA is anirvachaneeya and this avidyA
> is tattvAnyatva nirUpaNasya ashakyaM.  OTOH, by taking the example of day
> to day activities shankara explains the nature of avidyA which results in
> adhyAsa.  Those who have studied this in detail know that avidyA is
> agrahaNa , ajnAna or jnAnAbhAva that jeeva does not know that he is
> brahman.  And this not-knowing the real nature of his results in
> mis-conception (adhyAsa, anyathA grahaNa, vipareeta buddhi atasmin tat
> buddhiH) And shankara in general calls this adhyAsa itself as avidyA (vide
> adhyAsa bhAshya).  And elsewhere shankara confirms that unlike mAyA  Shakti
> which is brahmAnanya, avidyA does not have any existence in brahman /
> Atman...sA cha avidyA nAtmanaH svAbhAvikO dharmaH because Atman is ever
> shuddhaM, nirmalaM, avidyAmala rahitaM, mukta svarUpaM.  And this has been
> further clarified by shankara kAtaka shruti bhAshya that avidyA is only
> jeeva's mess in reality it does not pertains to him.  lOkO hi avidyayA sva
> Atmana adhyastayA kAma karmOdbhavaM duHkhaM anubhavati na tu sA
> paramArthataH svAtmani.  Since this avidyA is abhAva rUpa it can be effaced
> completely after the dawn of jnana if avidyA is a vastu, a thing or bhAva
> then it cannot be eradicated by any dosage of jnana.  Na hi bhAvAnAM
> niranvayO nirupAkhyO vinAshaH saMbhavati it is just because nabhAvO vidyate
> sataH says geetAchArya.  By giving the cataract example, shankara explains
> this avidyA / adhyAsa is karaNa dOsha not relating to kshetrajnA, and
> jeeva's samsara is because of this anishta avidyA.
>
> Underthese circumstance, when mAyA is denoted as brahma Shakti and avidyA
> is explained as jeeva's weakness, when one has the ashraya in brahman and
> another has the Ashraya of mAyA kArya, when one is anirvachaneeya and
> another one is nirvachaneeya ( an entire chapter has been dedicated to
> explain avidyA /adhyAsa I don't know where it has been said that avidyA is
> anirvachaneeya).  And when one is compared to divine power and another one
> is compared to tAmasa pratyaya and when one is compared to 'anna' and
> another one is compared to 'visha', and when one is the kAraNa for the
> srushti lAya and another one is the kAraNa for ahaMkAra mamakAra,
> bhOktrutva, kartrutva...etc. etc.  One cannot illogically compare these
> different aspect as one and the same just  going by eka vAkya of
> bhAshyakAra where he assers : avidyAtmikA hi beeja shaktiH avyakta pada
> nirdeshya.
>


Noted the categorization drawn above based on the explanation given, which
is not disagreed ..

However, there are some refs in BSB - तदधीनत्वादर्थवत् , where avidyA is
used in the context of bIja shakti, avyakta, mAya, akshara etc and not just
restricted to jIva's nescience (avidya) ,

अविद्यात्मिका हि सा बीजशक्तिरव्यक्तशब्दनिर्देश्या परमेश्वराश्रया मायामयी
महासुषुप्तिः, यस्यां स्वरूपप्रतिबोधरहिताः शेरते संसारिणो जीवाः ।
तदेतदव्यक्तं क्वचिदाकाशशब्दनिर्दिष्टम् — ‘एतस्मिन्नु खल्वक्षरे गार्ग्याकाश
ओतश्च प्रोतश्च’ (बृ. उ. ३-८-११)
<http://advaitasharada.sringeri.net/php/format.php?bhashya=Brha&page=03&hval=%E2%80%98%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%20%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%20%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%20%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E2%80%99%20%28%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83.%20%E0%A4%89.%20%E0%A5%A9-%E0%A5%AE-%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%29#BR_C03_S08_V11>
इति श्रुतेः ; क्वचिदक्षरशब्दोदितम् — ‘अक्षरात्परतः परः’ (मु. उ. २-१-२)
<http://advaitasharada.sringeri.net/php/format.php?bhashya=Mundaka&page=02&hval=%E2%80%98%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%83%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%83%E2%80%99%20%28%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81.%20%E0%A4%89.%20%E0%A5%A8-%E0%A5%A7-%E0%A5%A8%29#MD_C02_S01_V02>
इति श्रुतेः ; क्वचिन्मायेति सूचितम् — ‘मायां तु प्रकृतिं विद्यान्मायिनं तु
महेश्वरम्’ (श्वे. उ. ४-१०)
<http://advaitasharada.sringeri.net/php/format.php?bhashya=svt&page=04&hval=%E2%80%98%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%20%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82%20%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%20%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%99%20%28%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87.%20%E0%A4%89.%20%E0%A5%AA-%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6%29#SV_C04_V10>
इति मन्त्रवर्णात् ; अव्यक्ता हि सा माया, तत्त्वान्यत्वनिरूपणस्याशक्यत्वात्
। तदिदं ‘महतः परमव्यक्तम्’ इत्युक्तम् — अव्यक्तप्रभवत्वान्महतः, यदा
हैरण्यगर्भी बुद्धिर्महान् । यदा तु जीवो महान्
तदाप्यव्यक्ताधीनत्वाज्जीवभावस्य महतः परमव्यक्तमित्युक्तम् । अविद्या
ह्यव्यक्तम् ..

sure, there could be more such usage..


>
> Hari Hari Hari Bol!!!
> bhaskar
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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