[Advaita-l] MOKSHA in different schools

[arun nair]

" Sarupya Mukti
  In sarupya-mukti the departed soul acquires the form of the Personal God and
 enjoys intense bliss
 Sayujya Mukti
 In sayujya-mukti the departed soul becomes blissfully absorbed in the
 Personal God. "

I am unable to differentiate b/w these 2. Can anyone help.

regards
arun

On 8/28/05, TONY VERMA <brahman1008 at hotmail.com> wrote:
> Moksha or Liberation From Samsara
> According to Hinduism the goal of human life is to be free or liberated from
> samsara, the repeated births and deaths. Such liberation is called moksha or
> mukti in Sanskrit. Buddhists call it nirvana. Moksha can be attained only
> through God-realization.
> 
> The different schools of Hindu philosophy hold differing views about how to
> attain moksha. Some believe that moksha can be achieved by people only after
> their death, others claim that it can be achieved even while they are alive.
> 
> Never does a man attain moksha by his own skill; by no means other
> than the grace of Siva, the dispeller of evil, is such an attainment
> possible. -- Paushkara Agama
> 
> In heaven there is no fear at all. Thou, O Death, art not there. Nor
> in that place does the thought of growing old make one tremble.
> There, free from hunger and from thirst, and far from the reach of
> sorrow, all rejoice and are glad. -- Yajur Veda
> 
> Only by a tranquil mind does one destroy all action, good or bad.
> Once the self is pacified, one abides in the Self and attains everlasting
> bliss. If the mind becomes as firmly established in Brahman as it is usually
> attached to the sense objects, who, then, will not be released from bondage?
> -- Yajur Veda
> 
> Moksha After Death
> 
> 1. Salokya Mukti
> 
> In salokya-mukti the departed soul goes to ishta-loka (the abode of the
> Personal God, such as the abode of Vishnu), and stays there blissfully
> enjoying His presence. A person who has gone through rigorous ethical and
> moral disciplines followed by right knowledge, right action, non-attachment,
> and devotional meditation on the Personal God (Vishnu), becomes fit for
> release or moksha through Ishwara's loving grace.
> 
> 2. Samipya or Sannidhya Mukti
> 
> In samipya or sannidhya-mukti the departed soul enjoys the bliss of extreme
> proximity to the Personal God. A person who has gone through rigorous
> ethical and moral disciplines followed by right knowledge, right action,
> non-attachment, and devotional meditation on the Personal God (Vishnu),
> becomes fit for release or moksha through Ishwara's loving grace.
> 
> 3. Sarupya Mukti
> 
> In sarupya-mukti the departed soul acquires the form of the Personal God and
> enjoys intense bliss. A person who has gone through rigorous ethical and
> moral disciplines followed by right knowledge, right action, non-attachment,
> and devotional meditation on the Personal God (Vishnu), becomes fit for
> release or moksha through Ishwara's loving grace.
> 
> 4. Sayujya Mukti
> 
> In sayujya-mukti the departed soul becomes blissfully absorbed in the
> Personal God. A person who has gone through rigorous ethical and moral
> disciplines followed by right knowledge, right action, non-attachment, and
> devotional meditation on the Personal God (Vishnu), becomes fit for release
> or moksha through Ishwara's loving grace.
> 
> 5. Krama mukti or Avantara Mukti
> 
> Krama mukti or avantara mukti means liberation through stages.
> 
> A person who has intensely meditated on Saguna Brahman using the sacred
> sound symbol Aum or other prescribed methods of meditation goes to
> Brahma-loka after death. There he attains the knowledge of Nirguna Brahman.
> When the entire universe is dissolved at the end of the kalpa he becomes one
> with Brahman and is not born again. This is called krama-mukti or
> avantara-mukti.
> 
> 6. Vishishtadvaita Moksha
> 
> Those who believe in this school believe that moksha means living blissfully
> in vaikuntha, which is the realm of the Personal God after the death of the
> devotee. A person who has attained moksha lives blissfully in vaikuntha in a
> spiritual body in the presence of God. He/she acquires many divine powers
> such as omniscience, etc., but unlike God he/she cannot create, sustain or
> dissolve the world. In spite of the exalted state the devotee has to remain
> subservient to God. They also believe that Karma Yoga and Jnana Yoga are
> only aids to Bhakti Yoga. One can be liberated from the bondage of samsara
> only through God's grace. They suggest that Bhakti Yoga practices are the
> only means of obtaining divine grace.
> 
> 7. Purva- Mimamsa Mukti
> 
> Devotees achieve moksha through the right performance of rituals as
> prescribed by the Vedas. Some suggest that the liberated soul goes to heaven
> (after death) and enjoys heavenly bliss forever. Others suggest that moksha
> is a state devoid of the possibility of rebirth. You are free from pain and
> suffering. They do not consider moksha as a state of heavenly bliss.
> 
> 8. Apavarga Mukti
> 
> Liberation or Apavarga is a separation from all qualities. Liberation is a
> state beyond pleasure, happiness, pain, or any experience whatsoever. It is
> achieved by cultivating ethical virtues and acquiring the right knowledge of
> reality. After liberation there is no rebirth.
> 
> Moksha Before Death
> 
> 1. Jivan Mukti/ Videha Mukti
> 
> Some Hindus, especially those who follows the Advaita School of Philosophy
> believes that one can have liberation from samara even when alive. According
> to them, a spiritual aspirant has to first go through various moral and
> ethical practices, worship (upasana) of the Personal God, etc. These
> observances gradually purifiy his mind and make it ready for intense
> meditation on the Impersonal Divine Reality (Nirguna Brahman).
> 
> The intense meditation enables the devotees to attain a condition known as
> atmajnana or the knowledge of inner Divine Self. Atmajnana destroys the
> ignorance (avidya) that covers the knowledge of the Reality. As soon as his
> ignorance is annihilated, the person will be released and becomes a
> jivanmukta (one who has had jivanmukti).
> 
> After attaining jivanmukti a person can no longer think of himself or
> herself as an embodied being. The body and the rest of the world appears
> illusory to a jivanmukta. The illusory body will continue to exist as long
> as the prarabdha karma lasts. When the prarabdha is exhausted and the
> illusory body dies, the jivanmukta attains his disembodied release called
> videha-mukti.
> 
> 2. Sadyomukti
> 
> Sadyomukti means "immediate release." Sandyomukti is another way of getting
> moksha for those who believe in jivan mukti. According to this view, a
> jivanmukta may totally lose interest in his illusory body immediately after
> attaining jivanmukti. As a result, his body drops off in a matter of days
> causing his sadyomukti.
> 
> It is also possible that after attaining atmajnana, these liberated souls
> can no longer identify with their bodies, which along with the rest of the
> world have become illusory and unreal. So for them, their bodies are not
> really there and attains sadyomukti.
> 
> 3. Kaivalya Moksha
> 
> This form of moksha is suggested by the Sankhya School of Philosophy of
> Hinduism. They suggest that the soul or the spirit is purusha (pure
> consciousness), and the body-mind complex is an evolved form of unconscious
> primordial matter known as prakriti. Prakriti functions by borrowing
> consciousness from purusha.
> 
> Purusha gets tied down or bonded by aviveka - purusha's false identification
> with prakriti and its evolved products like mind, body, etc. Such false
> identification is caused by purusha's ignorance. While in bondage, purusha
> suffers mental and physical pain because of its false identification with
> the mind-body complex.
> 
> In order to get rid of the false identification and consequent pain and
> suffering, purusha must acquire the knowledge known as viveka-jnana. When
> purusha learns viveka-jnana, it realizes that as spirit it is completely
> different and distinct from prakriti and the associated mind-body system.
> 
> When this happens, the devotees will experience the complete cessation of
> suffering and pain. Thus viveka-jnana causes purusha's moksha by
> disentangling purusha from prakriti.
> 
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